Modern conflict now includes a contest over perception as well as terrain. Adversaries use bots, synthetic media and coordinated narratives to shape belief and erode trust. Information operations remain central, now accelerated by AI. Bot networks create illusion of consensus, while synthetic media enables deception faster than verification and correction.

Governments and nonstate actors have exploited Twitter not by accident but because its specific technical features make it particularly effective for spreading information rapidly , including misinformation. Here is the verified science behind why.

By Ridhika Rathore, B. Sc. India is among the top few countries in the world affected by terrorist actions. Considering the case of Kashmir, most of the Islamist terrorist attacks are concentrated in this region. India control around 2/3rd of it, with Pakistan claiming a 1/3rd. The principal terrorist groups operating in this region are Lashkar-e-Taiba, Jaish-e-Mohammed, Al Badr and Hizbul Mujahideen. They co-ordinate under the banner of the United Jihad Council. Incess